【全非资讯·西非】 西非萨赫勒地区的锂矿：武装组织如何进行掠夺

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#西非 #非洲

每一辆电动汽车、智能手机和笔记本电脑的电池都始于一种核心成分：锂。\n\n这种关键矿物处于全球向清洁能源转型核心地位。锂驱动着可再生电池。因此，确保其供应是一项经济和地缘政治优先事项。\n\n国际能源署预计，随着电动汽车生产和可再生能源储能的扩大，全球锂需求将会增加。非洲，尤其是萨赫勒地区，在寻找供应来源方面变得日益重要。目前的主要生产国是智利、澳大利亚和中国。\n\n萨赫勒是横跨非洲东西部的半干旱地带，北接撒哈拉沙漠，南临热带稀树草原。\n\n在这个广袤的地区，武装团体正在寻找从不断扩大的锂贸易中获利的新途径。为了满足国际消费者的需求，非洲岩石中每年开采的锂已经超过4万吨。预计到2030年，这一数字最早将飙升至50万吨。\n\n我是一名专注于地缘政治和战争研究的研究员。在最近的一项研究中，我探讨了不断扩大的锂开采如何与萨赫勒地区的冲突交织在一起。我研究了马里、尼日尔、布基纳法索、乍得和尼日利亚。\n\n我发现，不断增长的锂产业正陷入现有的冲突、叛乱活动和跨境走私之中，而治理薄弱则是助长这一切的温床。

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原文原文 / Original Text

Every electric vehicle, smartphone and laptop battery begins with one essential ingredient: lithium.

The critical mineral sits at the centre of the global transition to cleaner energy. Lithium powers rechargeable batteries. Securing its supply is, therefore, an economic and geopolitical priority.

The International Energy Agency expects global lithium demand to increase as electric vehicle production and renewable energy storage expands. Africa, particularly the Sahel, is becoming increasingly important in the search for supply. The current top producers are Chile, Australia and China.

The Sahel is a semi-arid zone running from west to east Africa, between the Sahara Desert to the north and the tropical savannas to the south.

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Across this vast region, armed groups are finding new ways to profit from the expanding lithium trade. Over 40,000 tonnes of lithium are already mined from African rock each year for international consumers. This figure is set to rise to an estimated 500,000 tonnes by as early as 2030.

I am a researcher specialising in geopolitics and war studies. In a recent study, I examined how expanding lithium extraction intersects with conflict across the Sahel. I studied Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad and Nigeria.

I found that growing lithium industries are becoming entangled in existing conflicts, insurgent activity and cross-border smuggling. These are all enabled by weak governance.

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来源：AllAfrica (https://allafrica.com/)
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