【全非资讯·南部非洲】 马拉维：奇利马坠机调查揭露马拉维困境

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针对2024年6月10日导致副总统Saulos Chilima及其他8人丧生的空难举行的议会调查听取了一场令人不安的证词，该证词表明马拉维的航空基础设施存在长期的结构性缺陷，这引发了关于体制准备状态的尖锐质疑，而这些问题远远超出了空难本身的直接情况。\n\n马拉维民航局（CAAM）机场与空中航行标准总监Fredrick Chisepeya向调查此次灾难的议会特设委员会表示，除非紧急向安全和安保基础设施投入巨资，否则该国将面临在明年的国际民用航空组织（ICAO）审计中不达标的风险。\n\n他的证词勾勒出一个冗余度极低的系统：马拉维仅拥有一部二次飞行监视雷达，位于利隆圭的卡穆祖国际机场，其有效覆盖范围对低空飞行的航空器而言大幅减弱。\n\nChisepeya证实正是这一漏洞，导致马拉维国防军的飞机在Viphya Plantation坠毁时完全处于雷达覆盖范围之外。\n\n雷达覆盖范围就是局限所在。当你在高空时，范围更广；当你下降时，范围更窄。因此这使得飞机有时无法被看到，他在对委员会作证时说。这一承认触及了一个更广泛的问题，即一个国家如何在资源紧缺与航空安全不容妥协的要求之间处理这种张力。\n\n调查还获悉，作为该飞机原定目的地的姆祖州机场，远未达到容纳此次空难中涉及的马拉维航空公司庞巴迪等中型飞机所需的防护标准。\n\n根据CAAM自己的十分制防护标准，Chisepeya估计该机场的实际安全水平约为3级，而要求标准为6级。他进一步指出，该机场在消防能力和跑道状况方面存在缺陷，并形容跑道路面颠簸且不达标。

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原文原文 / Original Text

The parliamentary inquiry into the June 10, 2024 plane crash that killed Vice-President Saulos Chilima and eight others has heard troubling testimony suggesting Malawi's aviation infrastructure suffers from long-standing structural deficiencies -- raising uncomfortable questions about institutional readiness that extend well beyond the immediate circumstances of the crash itself.

Fredrick Chisepeya, director of Aerodromes and Air Navigation Standards at the Civil Aviation Authority of Malawi (CAAM), told Parliament's Ad-hoc Committee investigating the disaster that the country risks failing next year's International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) audit unless significant investment is urgently directed towards safety and security infrastructure.

His testimony painted a picture of a system operating with minimal redundancy: Malawi possesses just one secondary flight surveillance radar, situated at Kamuzu International Airport in Lilongwe, whose effective coverage diminishes substantially for aircraft flying at lower altitudes.

It was this gap, Chisepeya confirmed, that meant the Malawi Defence Force aircraft was outside radar coverage entirely when it crashed in Viphya Plantation.

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"The limitation is the radar coverage. When you are up, the range is wider and when you are down the range is narrower. So that makes the aircraft sometimes not to be seen," he told the committee -- an admission that speaks to a broader question of how a nation manages the tension between resource constraints and the non-negotiable demands of aviation safety.

The inquiry also heard that Mzuzu Airport, the aircraft's intended destination, fell well short of the protection standards required for medium-sized aircraft such as the Malawi Airlines Bombardier involved in the crash.

Using CAAM's own ten-point protection scale, Chisepeya estimated the airport's actual safety level at around three, against a required standard of six. He further noted deficiencies in fire response capacity and runway conditions, describing the surface as bumpy and substandard.

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