【全非资讯·喀麦隆】Cameroon:

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#喀麦隆 #西非 #中非 #非洲

1986年8月21日，喀麦隆尼奥斯湖（Lake Nyos）湖底夜间气体泄漏，导致1,746人因二氧化碳中毒身亡。RFI回顾了这场世界上最为致命的湖泊喷发（limnic eruption）事件，以及在40年后的今天，我们对火山湖所构成的危险的认识是如何仍在不断演变的。\n\n喀麦隆西北部的尼奥斯村曾是一个宁静的地方。那天，村民们像往常一样劳作——有的人在田里干活，有的人赶着牛去吃草。\n\n这个村庄还拥有一个近210米深、海拔1,091米的巨大凹陷——一个蓄满死水的古老火山口。当地人对这个被列为该地区必看旅游景点的地方感到骄傲。\n\n当晚村民们入睡时，没有人预料到悲剧即将降临这个小社区。\n\n当晚9点到10点之间，目击者报告听到类似山体滑坡的巨响。科学家认为，这极可能是被认定为灾难起因的一次小型地震。\n\n该湖最深处富含气体的水层迅速上升到表面，二氧化碳大量释放，形成了间歇泉和巨大的白云。\n\n由于比空气重，气云回落并像无形的雪崩一样沿着山坡流动，以每小时60至100公里的速度顺着附近的峡谷蔓延。在移动过程中，二氧化碳排挤了所到之处的所有氧气。

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原文原文 / Original Text

On 21 August, 1986, 1,746 people died from carbon dioxide poisoning after gas escaped overnight from the bottom of Lake Nyos in Cameroon. RFI examines what happened in the world's deadliest "limnic eruption" and how, 40 years later, our understanding of the danger posed by volcanic lakes is still evolving.

The village of Nyos, in north-west Cameroon, was a peaceful place. On that day, its people carried out their work as usual - some in the fields, others leading cattle out to pasture.

The village was also home to a gaping hole almost 210 metres deep, at an altitude of 1,091 metres - an old volcanic crater filled with stagnant water. Locals were proud of the site, which was listed as one of the region's must-see tourist attractions.

No one suspected that tragedy was about to visit this small community as they went to bed that night.

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Sometime between 9pm and 10pm that evening, witnesses reported hearing a noise like a landslide. Scientists believe it was most likely a minor earthquake - identified as the starting point of the disaster.

The lake's deepest, gas-rich layers of water rose rapidly to the surface, and carbon dioxide was released in a massive burst, creating a geyser and an enormous white cloud.

Heavier than air, the gas cloud fell back down and flowed along the mountainside like an invisible avalanche, following nearby valleys at 60-100km/h. As it moved, the carbon dioxide drove out all the oxygen in its path.

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来源：AllAfrica (https://allafrica.com/)
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