【全非资讯·喀麦隆】 喀麦隆：在暗影船队之后，喀麦隆能否夺回其海事旗帜

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#喀麦隆 #西非 #中非 #非洲

改革值得欢迎，但技术和能力的差距仍使喀麦隆容易受到高风险平行海上网络的侵害。\n\n喀麦隆已决定对多艘与帮助俄罗斯规避国际制裁（特别是在石油和粮食贸易领域）的影子舰队有关的船只进行注销登记和制裁。此项决定是为应对欧盟压力而启动的海事治理改革的一部分。\n\n然而，仅靠船舶登记改革并不能根除在国际海事治理规范之外运营的网络对喀麦隆船旗注册的使用。\n\n长期以来，喀麦隆一直被视为方便旗国，吸引着从事走私伊朗和委内瑞拉石油等高风险营运商。自2025年12月以来，已有100艘船只与俄罗斯影子舰队产生关联，这使喀麦隆与俄罗斯和塞拉利昂一起，跻身该舰队相关国家前三名。\n\n除了规避针对俄罗斯、伊朗和委内瑞拉的国际制裁外，多艘悬挂喀麦隆国旗的船只还卷入了贩运和其他非法活动。最近的一个案例是，西班牙特种部队于1月在加那利群岛附近查获了一艘载有近10吨可卡因货物的商船。\n\n美联社的一项调查显示，悬挂喀麦隆国旗的船只如何卷入了非法、不报告和不受管制（IUU）的捕捞活动，以及洗钱和海上转运等犯罪活动。这些事件损害了喀麦隆船舶登记处的信誉，该登记处被包括劳氏日报主编理查德·米德在内的部分分析人士视为全球风险最高的登记处之一。\n\n喀麦隆此前曾承受采取行动的压力。2023年，因对涉嫌非法捕鱼的船只发扬船旗行为松懈，该国收到了欧盟的红牌警告；2024年，阿拉伯联合酋长国禁止悬挂喀麦隆国旗的船只进入其海域。

中文导读

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原文原文 / Original Text

Reforms are welcome, but technological and capacity gaps still leave Cameroon vulnerable to high-risk parallel maritime networks.

Cameroon has decided to deregister and sanction several ships linked to the shadow fleet that enables Russia to circumvent international sanctions, particularly in the oil and grain trade. The decision is part of maritime governance reforms launched in response to European Union (EU) pressure.

However, ship registration reforms alone won't end the use of the Cameroonian registry by networks operating outside the norms of international maritime governance.

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Cameroon has long been considered a flag of convenience, attracting high-risk operators like those involved in smuggling Iranian and Venezuelan oil. Since December 2025, 100 vessels have been linked to the Russian shadow fleet, placing Cameroon among the top three countries associated with the fleet, alongside Russia and Sierra Leone.

In addition to bypassing international sanctions against Russia, Iran and Venezuela, several Cameroonian-flagged vessels are involved in trafficking and other illegal activities. A recent case was the seizure in January by Spanish special forces of a merchant ship off the Canary Islands with a cargo of nearly 10 tonnes of cocaine.

An Associated Press investigation shows how Cameroonian-flagged vessels have been involved in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and crimes such as money laundering and transhipment operations at sea. These incidents damage the credibility of Cameroon's shipping register - considered by some analysts, including Lloyd's List editor-in-chief Richard Meade, as 'one of the highest risk registers [worldwide].'

Cameroon has come under pressure to take action before. In 2023 it received a 'red card' from the EU for laxity in issuing flags to vessels involved in illegal fishing; in 2024, the United Arab Emirates banned Cameroonian-flagged vessels from its waters.

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