【全非资讯·非洲】 非洲：非洲信用评级机构能消除投资者的怀疑吗

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#非洲

当前的信用评级可能会使非洲大陆处于劣势，但设立一家非洲本土机构，难道不等于非洲在“给自己批改作业”吗？\n\n非洲能否自行纠正其所称的“三大”信用评级机构在对非洲主权国家评级时表现出的偏见？非洲联盟（AU）及非洲大陆的其他声音认为，这种偏见导致非洲国家获得了不公正的低评级，推高了其借贷成本，并拖慢了发展步伐。\n\n因此，在 2025 年 2 月，AU 宣布建立属于自己的 Africa Credit Rating Agency（AfCRA），总部设在 Mauritius。AU 非洲同行审议机制首席执行官（CEO）Marie-Antoinette Rose-Quatre 去年 9 月表示：“非洲不再满足于在此类议题中充当被动的观察者。我们正在掌握自身话语的主导权，并推进有意义的本土化解决方案。”\n\n诚然，相比发达国家，非洲主权国家从“三大”机构——Standard and Poor\'s（S&P）、Moody\'s 和 Fitch（均为美国私营企业）——获得的平均评级确实偏低。\n\n欢迎在 WhatsApp | LinkedIn 上关注我们，获取最新头条新闻。\n\n2025 年，仅有 Botswana、Morocco 和 Mauritius 拥有投资级信用评级，而 South Africa、Côte d\'Ivoire 和 Benin 的评级仅略低于投资级。其余 49 个国家的评级则远低于投资级。还有数个非洲国家根本未获得评级，继续被排除在资本市场门槛之外。\n\n然而，要说“三大”机构对非洲主权国家的评级普遍低于发达国家，并不一定能证明偏见的存在。这三家公司坚持认为，它们对所有国家均采用相同的标准进行评级，而非洲国家恰好得分较低。\n\n“三大”机构公布了这些评级标准，且各家的标准大致相同。这些标准包括经济实力、制度与治理能力、公民社会和司法体系的健全程度，以及货币与宏观经济政策的有效性。

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原文原文 / Original Text

Current credit ratings may disadvantage the continent, but wouldn't an African agency amount to Africa 'marking its own homework'?

Can Africa itself correct the bias it says the Big Three credit rating agencies display in grading African sovereigns? The African Union (AU) and other voices on the continent believe this bias gives African countries unfairly low ratings, pushes up their borrowing costs and slows development.

So in February 2025, the AU announced the creation of its own Africa Credit Rating Agency (AfCRA), headquartered in Mauritius. 'Africa is no longer content to be a passive observer in this discourse,' AU African Peer Review Mechanism Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Marie-Antoinette Rose-Quatre said last September. 'We are taking ownership of our narrative and driving forward meaningful, homegrown solutions.'

Certainly, African sovereigns on average receive lower ratings from the Big Three - Standard and Poor's (S&P), Moody's and Fitch, all private American companies - than developed countries do.

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In 2025, only Botswana, Morocco and Mauritius had investment-grade status, while South Africa, Côte d'Ivoire and Benin were rated just below investment grade. The remaining 49 were rated well below. Several African countries are not rated at all, remaining excluded from capital market access.

However, to say the Big Three have generally rated African sovereigns lower than developed countries is not necessarily proof of bias. The three companies insist they grade all states according to the same criteria and that African countries happen to score lower.

The Big Three publish these criteria, which are roughly the same. They include economic, institutional and governance strength, the strength of civil society and the judiciary, and the effectiveness of monetary and macroeconomic policy.

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来源：AllAfrica (https://allafrica.com/)
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