【全非资讯·加纳】Ghana: Arithmetic of Societal in-Equality

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The awareness and espousal of the tenets of equity within and across groups remain fascinating. Related matters have been charted over the years largely by official government outfits, educational and religious institutions, private entities, influential individuals, and civil society at large.

In-equality synonymises the biased, crude, unfair, unjust, and distorted distribution of resources and opportunities in society. It often means different things to different people in varied conceptual contexts, even though its basic compartments are distinctive enough. These characteristic features present a triangular network with apparently confusing overlapping contexts in the fields of economics, sociology, and spatial analytics.

Modest thoughts about them prick sharply with stark reminders of the popular novella "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe (which entrenched societal in-equality between males and females), and George Orwell's "Animal Farm" in which four-legged animals were categorised as "good" and others as "bad".

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The existence of in-equality depends on complex differentials. It could be a real cause of itself or the (probable) unintended consequence of the nature of other life ventures. Equality and in-equality do not necessarily oppose each other; the former could be imagined simply as the "zero point" on the infinite range of the latter.

In mathematics, in-equality depicts a non-equal comparison between numbers or other arithmetic expressions, to objectively compare their sizes on the number line. In epi-statistical parlance, it is a form of appreciable variation in study designs and data scrutiny.

The clarity of the phenomenon gets blurred in health research scenarios where putative risk factors under study are composited. Typical examples are the concepts of nutritional status (NS; a composite of food intake, proper digestion, and nutrient utilisation), and socio-economic status (SES; a composite of educational attainment, employment and income).

NB: Granted more significant factors beyond these variables (e.g., household dwelling, size, marital status, property ownership, etc.), a broader statistically parsimonious inclusion and integration of these other factors becomes an explorable justification.

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