【全非资讯·加纳】 西非：加纳计划建设1200 MW天然气发电厂以应对电力成本上升

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#加纳 #西非 #非洲

加纳正推进建设一座1200兆瓦的燃气发电厂，以期改善电力供应并降低持续拖累公共财政的成本。这座国有项目将建在中部地区的Kafodzidzi-Abrobeano，建成后将成为该国最大的发电厂，超过1020兆瓦的阿科松博（Akosombo）水力发电设施。\n\n财政部长Cassiel Ato Forson表示，可行性研究已确认该项目的可行性，目前环境、工程和许可工作正在进行中。首期600兆瓦预计将于2028年投入运营。加纳已从GE Vernova获得燃气轮机，政府估计与通过第三方采购设备相比，可节省35%至45%的成本。\n\n这项投资出台之际，加纳正试图减少电力行业的财务亏损。世界银行估计，能源行业复苏计划的拖延每年给该国造成约10亿美元的损失。国际货币基金组织预计，由于收费损失、配电问题和发电合同，该行业2026年的资金缺口将达到约11亿美元。\n\n政府表示，新电厂可以降低发电成本，并支持电价下降10%至20%。加纳还在开发一座日处理能力达1亿标准立方英尺的天然气处理设施。加纳已将更多热力发电从液体燃料转向天然气，政府表示此举在过去一年中节省了约5亿美元。\n\n融资依然是一个挑战。Forson呼吁通过担保、混合融资、本币资金、资本市场和公私合营来支持能源投资。在经历债务危机后，加纳在继续推进财政改革的同时努力扩大发电规模，这限制了政府预算能够资助的新基础设施规模。\n\n加纳的问题不仅在于能否产生足够的电力，还在于能否以消费者和政府负担得起的成本生产和配送电力。多年来，该国一直在应对未付账单、公用事业公司的亏损以及要求即使在不需要电力时也必须付款的合同。\n\n2025年加纳的能源行业缺口约为14亿美元，预计2026年仍将保持在10亿美元以上。加纳已经取得了一些进展：政府表示已支付约14.7亿美元的历史能源债务，改善了对独立发电商的付款，并通过用国内天然气替代进口液体燃料节约了约5亿美元。

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原文原文 / Original Text

Ghana is moving ahead with a 1,200-megawatt gas-fired power plant as the government seeks to improve electricity supply and reduce costs that continue to weigh on public finances. The state-owned project will be built at Kafodzidzi-Abrobeano in the Central Region and would become the country's largest power plant, exceeding the 1,020-megawatt Akosombo hydroelectric facility.

Finance Minister Cassiel Ato Forson said feasibility studies have confirmed the project's viability, while environmental, engineering and permitting work is under way. The first 600-megawatt phase is expected to begin operating in 2028. Ghana has secured gas turbines from GE Vernova, with the government estimating savings of 35% to 45% compared with buying the equipment through third parties.

The investment comes as Ghana tries to reduce financial losses in its electricity industry. The World Bank estimates that delays in energy-sector recovery programmes cost the country about $1 billion each year. The International Monetary Fund expects the sector's financing shortfall to reach about $1.1 billion in 2026, reflecting collection losses, distribution problems and power-generation contracts.

The government says the new plant could reduce generation costs and support a 10% to 20% decline in electricity tariffs. It is also developing a gas-processing facility capable of handling 100 million standard cubic feet a day. Ghana has shifted more thermal generation from liquid fuels to natural gas, a move the government says saved about $500 million over the past year.

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Financing remains a challenge. Forson has called for guarantees, blended finance, local-currency funding, capital markets and public-private partnerships to support energy investment. Ghana is trying to expand generation while continuing fiscal reforms following its debt crisis, limiting how much new infrastructure can be funded from the government budget.

Ghana's problem is not only whether it can generate enough electricity, but whether it can produce and distribute power at a cost that consumers and the government can afford. The country has spent years dealing with unpaid bills, losses at utilities and contracts that require payments even when power is not needed.

The energy-sector shortfall was about $1.4 billion in 2025 and is expected to remain above $1 billion in 2026. Ghana has made some progress: the government says it has paid about $1.47 billion of legacy energy debt, improved payments to independent producers and saved about $500 million by replacing imported liquid fuel with domestic gas.

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